The citation for a work of art should include...
Artist. Title of Artwork. Year. Name of Website, Publisher, URL.
The caption under the image can be...
1. A complete citation (if you use a complete citation as a caption, you do not have to include the citation on your Works Cited list).
2. A brief caption that includes the Artist. Title of Artwork. Year. (if you use a brief caption, a complete citation must be included on the Works Cited list).
NOTE: In a caption under the image, names should be listed in first name last name format.
For the Visual Arts, an image citation should include the following information (when known):
Artist, title, date, medium (i.e. oil on canvas) and source.
Example: Text
Edvard Munch's The Scream powerfully captures the universal anxiety and existential dread of modern life through its distorted forms, vibrant colors, and the figure's agonized expression (see fig. 1).
Example: Image Label and Caption (two options)
Fig 1. Edvard Munch, The Scream, 1893. Oil, tempera, pastel and crayon on cardboard.
or...
Fig 1. Edvard Munch, The Scream, 1893. Oil, tempera, pastel and crayon on cardboard. Nasjonalmuseet, www.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/stories/explore-the-collection/edvard-munch-and-the-scream-in-the-national-museum.
Example: Works Cited
Munch, Edvard. The Scream. 1893. Oil, tempera, pastel and crayon on cardboard. Nasjonalmuseet, www.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/stories/explore-the-collection/edvard-munch-and-the-scream-in-the-national-museum.
Type of Artwork |
Work Cited Entry |
Image Label and Caption |
Artwork viewed in person |
Last Name of Artist, First Name. Title of Artwork. Date, Medium, Institution (Gallery/Museum), Name of city where the art work or collection is located.
O’Keeffe, Georgia. Black Hollyhock Blue Larkspur. 1930, oil on canvas, Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe. |
Fig. Number. First Name Last Name of Artist, Title of Artwork, Date, Medium
Fig. 1. Georgia O’Keeffe, Black Hollyhock Blue Larkspur, 1930, oil on canvas |
Image posted on Instagram |
Last Name of Artist, First Name [online handle if this differs from account name]. Title of Artwork. Instagram, date of post, Medium. URL. Date of Access.
Smith, Katherine [@KrazyCat23]. Mr. Tibbles playing with a toy mouse. Instagram, 23 April 2021, digital image. www.instagram.com/p/Bq_PaXKgqPw/. Accessed 9th December 2021. |
Fig. Number. First Name Last Name of Artist, Title of Artwork, Date, Medium
Fig. 2. Katherine Smith [@KrazyCat23], Mr. Tibbles playing with a toy mouse, 23 April 2021, digital image |
Artwork from website: Artwork is main focus of the webpage |
Last Name of Artist, First Name. Title of Artwork. Year, Location of Work, medium. Title of Website, Publisher or Sponsoring Organization, Date of publication or last modified date, URL. Accessed date.
Hoppé, E.O. Lydia Lopokova in 'Petrouchka'. 1919, gelatin silver print. National Portrait Gallery, 2023, www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw196307/Lydia-Lopokova-in-Petrouchka. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023. |
Fig. Number. First Name Last Name of Artist, Title of Artwork, Date, Medium
Fig. 3. E.O. Hoppé, Lydia Lopokova in 'Petrouchka', 1919, gelatin silver print |
Artwork from website: Artwork is part of a larger body of work (i.e., included in an article) |
Last Name of Artist, First Name. Title of Artwork. Year, Location of Work, medium. "Title of Webpage," by Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Website, Publisher or Sponsoring Organization, Date of publication or last modified date, URL. Accessed date.
Kahlo, Frida. Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird. 1940, Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin, oil on canvas. "Artist Frida Kahlo Transcended Suffering through Art," by Renee Phillips, The Healing Power of Art and Artists, 2023, www.healing-power-of-art.org/frida-kahlo-created-art-that-transcended-her-suffering/. Accessed 14 April 2023. |
Fig. Number. First Name Last Name of Artist, Title of Artwork, Date, Medium
Fig. 4. Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird, 1940, oil on canvas. |
Artwork from a book |
Last Name of Artist, First Name. Title of Artwork. Year, Location of Work, medium. Book Title, by Author's Last Name, First Name, Publisher Name often shortened, Year of publication, page number.
Kahlo, Frida. Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird. 1940, Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin, oil on canvas. The Paintings of Frida Kahlo, by Walker, Simon, Bloomsbury, 2012, p. 132. |
Fig. Number. First Name Last Name of Artist, Title of Artwork, Date, Medium
Fig. 5. Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird, 1940, oil on canvas |
Student's own artwork |
Note: The Visual Arts guide states that students should ensure their own original work is identified and acknowledged in the same way as other artwork. Work that is sent externally for assessment needs to be anonymous.
Last Name of Artist, First Name. Title of Artwork. Year, medium.
Candidate's own work. Multicolored abstract. 2021, oil on canvas. |
Fig. Number. First Name Last Name of Artist, Title of Artwork, Date, Medium
Fig. 4. Candidate's own work, Multicolored abstract, 2021, oil on canvas. |
Photograph of artwork taken by the student in a gallery or museum |
Note: A standard citation for artwork viewed in person will be most appropriate for the Work Cited List and image caption. However, if you need to clarify that it is your photograph of the artwork put this information at the end of the figure caption in brackets.
Last Name of Artist, First Name. Title of Artwork. Date, Medium, Institution (Gallery/Museum), Name of city where the art work or collection is located.
O’Keeffe, Georgia. Black Hollyhock Blue Larkspur. 1930, Oil on Canvas, Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe. |
Fig. Number. First Name Last Name of Artist, Title of Artwork, Date, Medium
Fig. 1. Georgia O’Keeffe, Black Hollyhock Blue Larkspur, 1930, Oil on Canvas [My photograph of the artwork] |
Art Exhibition |
Last Name of Artist, First Name. Title of Exhibition. Date range of exhibition, Institution (Gallery/Museum), Name of city where the exhibition is/was located.
Abakanowicz, Magdalena. Magdalena Abakanowicz: Every Tangle of Thread and Rope. 17 Nov. 2022 – 21 May 2023, Tate Modern, London. |
N/A |
Artwork on Pintrest |
Please click on the Pintrest link and go to the original website hosting the image. Follow Artwork from Website instructions. |
See instructions for Artwork from Website |
Artwork on Google Image Results |
Please click on the image link and go to the original website hosting the image. Follow Artwork from Website instructions. |
See instructions for Artwork from Website |
Works Cited
LibGuides: Citation Guide - MLA9: Visual Art. uwcchina.libguides.com/cite/VisualArts.
MLA Handbook. 9th ed., New York City, Modern Language Association of America, 2021.
"Visual Arts: Comparative Study Assessment Criteria Clarification." IBO, International Baccalaureate Organization, resources.ibo.org/data/d_6_visar_fcl_1702_3cc_e.pdf. PDF download. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.
"Visual Arts: Process Portfolio Assessment Criteria Clarification." IBO, International Baccalaureate Organization, resources.ibo.org/data/d_6_visar_fcl_1702_3pc_e.pdf. PDF download. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.
Basic Rules:
Choosing Artworks and Referencing:
Referencing Images:
Using Other Artists’ Work:
Source: “Visual Arts: Comparative study assessment criteria clarification.” IBO, resources.ibo.org/data/d_6_visar_fcl_1702_3cc_e.pdf.